社区获得性肺炎的中西医治疗研究进展

社区获得性肺炎(Community Acquired Pneumonia,CAP)是比较常见的院外肺部炎性疾病之一,随着细菌、支原体、衣原体等多种病原体的耐药率的上升,以及病患梯度的范围增加,CAP的发病率呈逐年上升的趋势,死亡率日益增高,导致医疗资源消耗巨大。目前临床上CAP的患者主要依靠经验性治疗。正确选择抗生素、减少病原体的耐药率,优化肺部炎症疾病的医疗方案,提高CAP临床治愈率已经成为临床医生当前面临的一项重大挑战。中药制剂具有广谱抗菌、调节免疫、不易耐药、简便价廉等特点,是解决上述难题的一个很好途径。     

百克钳在腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术中的应用

目的:分析百克钳在腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术中的应用效果.方法:纳入2017年2月~2019年2月在本院接受腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术治疗的患者92例为观察对象,按照随机双盲法将患者分为百克钳组与超声刀组,各46例.结果:百克钳组患者手术时间、术后排气时间以及住院时间与超声刀组患者均无明显差异(P>0.05);百克钳组患者术中出血量明显少于超声刀组患者(P<0.05).结论:在为子宫肌瘤患者实施腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术治疗的过程中,百克钳的运用减少了患者术中出血量,手术时间以及恢复时间均较短,安全性相对较高.     

不同氢溴酸右美沙芬口服固体制剂的溶出度考察

目的：对6个厂家不同氢溴酸右美沙芬口服固体制剂进行体外溶出度考察，比较体外溶出情况，为临床用药提供参考。方法：采用转篮法，转速100 r·min^-1，用高效液相色谱法测定氢溴酸右美沙芬口服固体制剂在0.1 mol·L^-1盐酸溶液中的溶出曲线；以威布尔方程拟合溶出参数T₅₀、T_d、m，并对参数进行方差分析。结果：氢溴酸右美沙普通片、分散片、胶囊以及软胶囊的平均累积溶出度分别为94.3%、101.3%、105.2%、93.4%。溶出参数T₅₀、T_d差异较大，其中T₅₀最大的是最小的13.4倍。结论：氢溴酸右美沙片、分散片、胶囊以及软胶囊体外溶出行为差别大，产品质量存在较大差异。     

Effects of a summer school-readiness programme on measures of literacy and behaviour growth: a pilot study

Young children enter kindergarten with varying levels of readiness and abilities to learn. One factor that contributes to lower levels of school readiness is poverty. One timely, cost-effective, and feasible strategy to boost school readiness, regardless of exposure to high-quality preschool is to leverage the summer months prior to kindergarten entry and provide comprehensive, evidence-based programming immediately before the school year begins. The current study implemented a community-based summer programme targeted at improving school readiness for 25 four- and five-year-old children in a low-income community. Across the 9-week study, children participated in two types of early literacy activities and the Incredible Years social/emotional learning curriculum. Results indicate that participants demonstrated significant growth across three early literacy skills and were rated as overall stable regarding their behaviour across the summer. These results are discussed along with implications and future directions in this line of research.     

Symptomatic palliative care for children with neurodisability

Paediatric palliative care and neurodisability are two relatively new, evolving paediatric sub-specialities that have increasing relevance in the current paediatric landscape. For many people palliative care has been synonymous with end of life care, but in paediatrics it encompasses much more and is for all children with life-threatening or life-limiting conditions, from the point of diagnosis. This breadth of focus is demonstrated well through the interface between paediatric palliative care and paediatric neurodisability. In this article we explore this unique interface through the three domains of complex symptom management, advanced care planning and end of life care. We describe the practicalities involved in all three areas and highlight the importance of early referral and the process of “dual” or “parallel” planning. We cover in more depth the specific management of the symptoms: dystonia/abnormalities of muscle tone, seizures, pain, agitation, secretions, respiratory failure, and gut failure.     

The Effect of Different Cavity Designs and Temporary Filling Materials on the Fracture Resistance of Upper Premolars

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the fracture resistance of upper premolars undergoing root canal treatment that had been temporarily restored with 4 different temporary filling materials.MethodsThis study was based on 120 extracted upper premolars. Eight teeth were left intact and served as the negative control group. Mesio-occluso-distal cavities with 2 different designs were prepared for the rest of the teeth (for group 1 a width of one third of the intercuspal distance and for group 2 a width of two thirds of the intercuspal distance). Then, the endodontic access cavities were prepared, and the root canals instrumented with Revo-S rotary files (MicroMega, Besancon, France). Thereafter, a total of 16 teeth consisting of 8 each from group 1 and group 2 served as the positive control group and did not have any temporary filling material. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 subgroups (n = 12) according to the temporary filling material: Cavit G (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN), Coltosol F (Coltène/Whaledent AG, Altstätten, Switzerland), Intermediate Restorative Material (Dentsply Sirona, Konstanz, Germany), or DiaTemp (DiaDent Europe BV, Almere, Netherlands). Each specimen was then subjected to a fracture resistance test using a universal testing machine until the fracture occurred. The force required to fracture each specimen was recorded, and the data were statistically analyzed.ResultsThe negative control group showed the highest fracture resistance values compared with the other groups, whereas the positive control groups showed the lowest fracture resistance values. There were no statistically significant differences in the fracture resistance of upper premolar teeth undergoing root canal treatment among Cavit G, Intermediate Restorative Material, Coltosol F, and DiaTemp, regardless of the cavity width (P > .05).ConclusionsThe cavity design was found to be an effective factor on the fracture resistance of upper premolar teeth undergoing root canal treatment. The temporary filling materials tested did not affect the fracture resistance.